Which of the following are the classifications for the Corruption?
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A. B. C. D.A
Corruption refers to the abuse of power by a public official or private sector employee for personal gain. It is a complex and multifaceted concept that can take many different forms. The following are the classifications for corruption:
A. Bribery, economic extortion, illegal gratuities, and conflicts of interest:
Bribery - It refers to the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of something of value in exchange for a favor or an advantage. The bribe can take many forms, such as cash, gifts, or services.
Economic extortion - It refers to the use of threats or force to obtain something of value from someone. It can include threats to harm a person, damage their property, or disrupt their business operations.
Illegal gratuities - It refers to the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of something of value after the fact, in exchange for a favor or an advantage. It differs from bribery in that the bribe is offered before the favor is performed, while the gratuity is offered after the fact.
Conflicts of interest - It refers to a situation where a public official or private sector employee has a personal or financial interest that could influence their decision-making in their official capacity. Conflicts of interest can arise in many different contexts, such as awarding contracts, making regulatory decisions, or conducting investigations.
B. Corruption, bribery, economic extortion, conflicts of interest:
This option is incorrect as it is essentially the same as option A, but with corruption being used as a broader term to encompass all the other forms of corruption mentioned.
C. Overbilling, bribery, bid-rigging, and illegal gratuities:
This option is incorrect as it includes overbilling and bid-rigging, which are forms of fraud rather than corruption. Overbilling refers to inflating invoices or bills to receive more money than is owed, while bid-rigging refers to collusion among bidders to eliminate competition and fix prices.
D. Economic extortion, bribery, illegal gratuities, and corruption:
This option is incorrect as it lists economic extortion first, which is not typically considered a separate form of corruption but rather a subset of bribery or extortion. The correct order of the classifications would be bribery, illegal gratuities, conflicts of interest, and corruption.
In summary, the correct answer is A. Bribery, economic extortion, illegal gratuities, and conflicts of interest, as these are the most widely recognized classifications of corruption.