The Inability to Perform Remote Updates: A Major Security Concern

D.

The correct answer is B. HVAC control systems.

HVAC control systems (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) are commonly used in buildings to regulate temperature, humidity, and air quality. These systems are often connected to a network for remote monitoring and control, which can introduce security vulnerabilities if not properly secured.

One of the security issues commonly associated with HVAC control systems is the inability to do remote updates of certificates, keys, software, and firmware. This means that if a vulnerability is discovered in the system or its components, it may not be possible to patch it remotely, which could leave the system open to exploitation.

In contrast, web servers on private networks, smartphones, and firewalls and UTM devices typically have mechanisms in place for remote updates of certificates, keys, software, and firmware. Web servers can be updated using remote access tools, smartphones can receive over-the-air updates, and firewalls and UTM devices often have built-in update mechanisms.

Therefore, the inability to do remote updates of certificates, keys, software, and firmware is a security issue commonly associated with HVAC control systems.