Matrix Organization Characteristics

D.

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A matrix organization is a type of organizational structure that combines elements of functional and project-based organizational structures. In a matrix organization, employees report to both a functional manager and a project manager, which means authority is shared between these two roles.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is D: Authority is shared between functional and project managers.

In a matrix organization, functional managers are responsible for the management of employees with similar skills or functions, while project managers are responsible for managing projects from start to finish. This structure allows organizations to utilize the skills of functional experts while providing project managers with the necessary resources to complete projects successfully.

The sharing of authority between functional and project managers means that both have some level of decision-making power, and both must work together to achieve the organization's goals. This collaboration can lead to more effective decision-making and can also promote cross-functional communication and collaboration.

Overall, a matrix organization can be a beneficial structure for organizations that regularly undertake complex projects and require specialized expertise from different functional areas.